The pastor of last week's blog stands before his 23,000 member congregation. He has another myth to teach today. (This is a real pastor of a real church, name to be revealed later.) Last week, he taught the congregation that the church didn't have a Bible for four hundred years, give or take, yet they turned the world upside down. The point of the blog last week can be summed up: "Really? Yes. They did."
This week, we need to take a look at the rest of the story because the pastor didn't stop there; he added another sentence to the above myth, and said, "If the early church had had a Bible, they couldn't have read it anyway." He added to that sentence saying that when Peter was called up on charges and entered the chamber, "He couldn't have read what was on the walls there," What he was saying was that the early church consisted of illiterates and the disciples, Peter as the example, also illiterate.
To examine this widely circulated myth, let's go back the the Old Testament and the Jewish culture because the early church was made up, for a while. of Jewish converts to Christianity because we'll find some answers there.
Deuteronomy 11:18-20 commanded the Jews: “You shall therefore impress
these words of mine on your heart and on your soul; and you shall bind
them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontals on your forehead. 19 You
shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your
house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when
you rise up. 20 You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates," There it is, "write."
Then there's the Mishnah (the oral law in Judaism which was handed down generation after generation and then collected and committed to writing about AD 200). In the Mishnah we find this: "At 5 years old, one is fit for the Scriptures; at 13, for the Commandments." By this we see the Jewish passion for education, and this would be the atmosphere in which Peter, James, John, and the other disciples were raised.
Let's look at a another disciple. Matthew the tax collector who maintained an office in Galilee would have been required to be literate and keep records for Rome, as would have been the case for Zacchaeus, also a collector.
When the religious leaders described Peter and John as "unlearned," they didn't mean illiterate; they were referring to the fact that they hadn't matriculated in the training of the scribes.
This directive from the Mishnah would have been the guideline for Timothy's mother and grandmother who produced a boy of whom Paul wrote, "And that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are
able to give you the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith which
is in Christ Jesus."
When Paul sent an epistle to a church, the practice was to have it read, copy it, and pass it on (Colossians 4:1:16-18: "When this letter is read among you, have it also read in the church of the Laodiceans; and you, for your part read my letter that is coming from Laodicea." I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand." It has been estimated that it would take two days to copy the Epistle to the Romans which consists of 7,111 words.
Six times we hear Christ asking the religious leaders, "Have you not read . . .? From the Jewish leaders to the common man to a youth such as Timothy, the Jewish culture produced literacy.
Let's leave the Israelite culture and move into the 1st century AD Roman Empire's Gentile culture. We see a chariot and an Ethiopian riding in it doing what travelers do-- reading reading a book, his choice is the scroll of Isaiah.
In the ancient world there was a library that would boggle the mind, the one in Alexandria, Egypt. "It is said that the Library had 200,000 volumes, in the early second century it would reach 500,000!
Then there was this: "Across the Greco-Roman world, there were many collections of scrolls,
some kept by private individuals in personal libraries. One such
library that, whose impressive ruins still stand today, is the Library
of Celsus in Ephesus. The Library of Celsus [built in 117 AD] was the third
largest library in classical antiquity. It is known for its striking
architecture and for the fact that it once held 12,000 scrolls
containing a wealth of knowledge from the ancient world. Sadly, none of
them survived the library’s destruction in 262 AD."
The library in Pergamum, the city mentioned in the book of Revelation, housed 200,000 volumes.
If you ever have the privilege of going to Pompeii as I did, you would see graffiti written on public and private walls. You go up to the entryway of a home and see on the well-preserved floor the famous mosaic of a dog and below the canine are the famous words, "CAVE CANEM," "BEWARE THE DOG."
Then there's been the discovery in the Empire of 1/2 million documents written on papyrus which include personal letters, business accounts, and of course, fragments of the New Testament, all written in the Koine Greek.
The pastor said, "If the early church had a Bible, they couldn't read it."
Really?